Parma has been settled since pre-Roman times and important archaelogical finds from these early days are on display at the National Archaelogical Museum. The huge Cathedral (Duomo) and Baptistry are among the best remaining pieces of Roman architecture in northern Italy. During the Medieval era, Parma became an important seat of power. Local dukes and noblemen built impressive homes which were surrounded by opulent gardens. The Ducal Park is a superb example of the pride that the ruling Farnese family took in their surroundings. Famous opera composer Giuseppe Verdi was born in nearby Busseto and many of his works are performed at the Regal Theatre Parma.

Parma is legendary among gourmets for producing Parma ham (prosciutto) and the legendary Parmigiano reggiano (Parmesan cheese). Parmesan production has taken place in the area for over 700 years and the local regulatory body organizes tours of local dairies. The well-known brand of pasta Barilla also originates from the city. The industrial area where the original factory was located has been revamped as the Barilla Centre, featuring shops, restaurants and a cinema.